Suppose
that you were about to purchase a player for 372 ¥ in your
favorite electronics shop, and you could save 2.48 ¥ by
buying it from another shop 10 miles away. Would that mere 2.48 ¥ savings
affect your decision? Now suppose you were about to buy 62.5 million
units of the same DVD player. How would that change your decision,
knowing that those same 2.48 ¥ would save you a stunning 155M ¥1?
Gregory Guez, Business Director for Energy Solutions, Maxim Integrated
The
story above is fictionalized and anecdotic. But if you told it to the
CEO of a Chinese electricity meter manufacturer, he or she would
recognize the significance immediately. “Keep your costs as low as
possible.” Most of us have heard that sometime, and it is exactly the
challenge that Suzhou Galaxy Camphol Technology Co. Ltd.2 is
about to take on for electric utility meters. They now can save this
2.48 ¥ on each meter and will save their national utility 155M ¥
annually. I am going to relate their story. This is a story about
innovation, integration, and perhaps most importantly here,
collaboration.
The “China Effect” on the Cost of Electricity Meters
The Chinese electricity meter market is by far the largest in the world due to China having the biggest population on earth, approximately 1.4 billion people. China has one (quasi-single)3 state-owned utility called State Grid Corporation of China, arguably the biggest state-owned utility in the world. With revenues close to $300B (1.860B ¥), State Grid was ranked as the seventh largest company in the world in Fortune 500 for 2013.4 We estimate that 60 to 65 million electricity meters (Figure 1) were produced in China for the local market in 2013, a number that is going to grow more than 10% annually in the coming years.5
Figure 1. Chinese State Grid meters. Each typically sells below $20 (124 ¥) per unit.
During my many trips to China, I was told several times that more than 200 Chinese companies are in this utility meter business. Is this true, or not? I will leave this for you to verify, but I can easily list more than 30 major companies manufacturing meters for State Grid.
In this competitive environment, the Chinese electricity meter manufacturers struggle daily to provide products with higher performance and even better cost optimization. Here each penny saved definitely means “big business.”
When Solution Rhymes with Innovation
Suzhou Galaxy Camphol Technology Co. Ltd. is no newcomer to the meter business and thoroughly understands the requirements and specifications of State Grid.
In 2009, State Grid released the specifications for electricity meters, moving away from mechanical meters to solid-state meters and setting a standard for the entire country. Galaxy immediately saw an opportunity for success as they had been working with new meter designs in the Beijing region since 2003, a time when most other meter manufacturers’ expertise was only with mechanical technology. Galaxy’s highest priority was to learn about microcontrollers, how to implement them and how to program them.
In 2010 Galaxy introduced a new solid-state electronic meter that was certified by the China Electric Power Institute (CEPRI), a research institute and subsidiary of State Grid.6 The CEPRI is the only body who can approve a meter for the State Grid biddings. Thanks to their outstanding technical skills and armed with that certified meter, Galaxy started promoting their reference design to all the Chinese meter manufacturers. They rapidly became very successful.
Specifications for electricity meters in China require the meter to isolate the metrology from the data processing. This mandate means that most meters in the country use a similar architecture (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Block diagram for a traditional Chinese electricity meter.
From
this typical national design, we return to the 155M ¥ question for
Galaxy: how could they reduce the Bill of Materials (BOM) for their
device and still comply with the state requirements? I am sure that most
of your first answers would point to the microcontroller or the AFE.
Not bad, but believe me, considering the high volumes in this market,
there is not much that can be done at that level to reduce their price..
Galaxy spoke with Maxim Integrated engineers and we began examining their existing meter architecture. We concluded that the only way to reduce the cost of their electricity meters was to change the architecture of the entire meter. It was time to innovate and integrate.
A Cost-Saving Meter Design
Galaxy now has a new reference design for their electricity meter. They made several adjustments, but their most important change was the inclusion of a Maxim high-performance ZON™ M3 electricity metering (the MAX71315) system-on-chip (SoC) and the MAX710714 isolated sensors (Figure 3).
References
1. Estimated volume is based on 62.5M units, and growing, forecasted for China. See “China Powers Up Domestic Smart Meter Market,” IHS Technology, December 08, 2011, at https://technology.ihs.com/394928/china-powers-up-domestic-smart-meter-market
2. For more information about Suzhou Galaxy Camphol Technology Co. Ltd., go to http://www.szgc.com.cn/. Note that there is no English version of this website.
3. I use this term carefully and with all due respect to all utilities in China. In fact, besides the State Grid Corporation of China, there are actually two other minor utilities called South Grid and Rural Grid, both of which tend to follow the rules of State Grid.
4. See http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2013/full_list/.
5. See IHS Technology, op. cit.
6. For more information, see http://www.epri.sgcc.com.cn/en/ .
7. For information on the ZON M3 electricity SoC, go to http://www.maximintegrated.com/MAX71315; for the MAX71071 and 71M6601 isolated sensors, go to http://www.maximintegrated.com/MAX71071 and http://www.maximintegrated.com/datasheet/index.mvp/id/7200
ZON is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
About the Author
Gregory Guez holds a Master degree in Electronic Systems from Polytech’ Marseille (France). He joined Maxim in 2009 following the acquisition of Innova Card. He has been in charge of the company’s secure microcontroller business in Asia and lived in Hong Kong for 6 years. Gregory relocated to Irvine, California in Sept 2012 where he manages the business for the Energy Solutions Group at Maxim Integrated.
Galaxy spoke with Maxim Integrated engineers and we began examining their existing meter architecture. We concluded that the only way to reduce the cost of their electricity meters was to change the architecture of the entire meter. It was time to innovate and integrate.
A Cost-Saving Meter Design
Galaxy now has a new reference design for their electricity meter. They made several adjustments, but their most important change was the inclusion of a Maxim high-performance ZON™ M3 electricity metering (the MAX71315) system-on-chip (SoC) and the MAX710714 isolated sensors (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Block diagram for a Galaxy meter, featuring the ZON M3 electricity metering SoC.
The
new Galaxy design is so novel and cost saving because of the highly
integrated ZON M3 SoC. This new Galaxy implementation does not require a
current transformer (CT) or expensive copper bus bars. Isolation is
provided by low-cost pulse transformers that form a bidirectional
digital communication link between ZON M3 and the MAX71071 ADC and
71M6601 isolated sensor. The new design shaves more than 2.48 ¥ off
their prior BOM (Table 1).
*Note
that the “isolated sensor” component here comprises the 71M6601 sensor
and MAX71071, a dual 24-bit delta-sigma ADC with integrated amplifier
and differential inputs, a precision voltage reference, a temperature
sensor, and a supply voltage generator energized by power pulses
provided by the ZON M3. This isolated sensor design offers immunity to
magnetic tampering, and enhanced reliability.
Is That All?
To this point we have discussed how even small BOM cost savings can quickly add up to a significant savings on these meters. Good, but in reducing those costs Galaxy also had to meet the specifications defined by the CEPRI. So, while collaborating with Galaxy, Maxim optimized the ZON M3 SoC for the Chinese market. Because ZON M3 was already a flexible platform, it was easily customized for the requirements of the Chinese CEPRI requirements.
Timing in the meter. The CEPRI requires that the timing accuracy variation must be less than 0.5s per day at room temperature and rated operating voltage. Consequently, the meter’s real-time-clock (RTC) is another big piece of the equation. The ZON M3 metering SoC integrates an RTC with temperature compensation. Its accuracy across the whole temperature range of operation complies with the CEPRI specification. With the RTC integrated in the SoC, the solution saves on implementation, size and, of course, BOM costs.
Integrated security. ZON ensures the security of the meters by connecting to an embedded security access (ESAM) module. That module is interfaced via the ISO7816 protocol. That protocol is well known to the smartcard industry and operates with a specific UART. ZON integrates two of those dedicated UARTs.
Reliable data collection. To comply with this requirement, ZON integrates an infrared (IR) encoder and decoder that eliminate the typical extra IR receiver module needed to retrieve and collect the measured data from the meter.
Switching reliability. The CEPRI mandates two switch sensors on electricity meters. Mechanical switches generate reliability issues and require the casing of the meter to be drilled opened. ZON has two touch sensors that replace the obsolete and old-fashioned switch sensors and improve the user’s experience.
Collaboration + Integration = Higher Performance + Cost Reduction
Galaxy has already completed their reference design based on ZON M3 and will start promoting the design to the Chinese meter manufacturers in mid-2014.
This project has demonstrated how important it is for major semiconductors companies like Maxim to collaborate with local companies in order to understand the market and optimize the specifications of their products. I am very excited to be part of that initiative and to see how, together, we will change the landscape of the Chinese metering market. After all, it is not that often in your life that you are given the opportunity to save 155M ¥.
Table 1. Cost Savings for Galaxy Meter Design vs. Traditional Design
| Components | Traditional Design | Galaxy Design | Cost Savings by Design (%) |
| Microcontroller | Half-SoC + AFE | Integrated electricity metering SoC (ZON M3) | Traditional (10%) |
| Clock | 1 RTC + 1 crystal | 1 crystal (integrated RTC) | Galaxy (65%) |
| Touch buttons (2) | Switches | Touch sensors (no cost) | Galaxy |
|
Infrared
(IR)
| External module | Fully integrated | Galaxy (30%) |
|
Power
supply
| Dual (AFE + SoC) | Single (SoC only) | Galaxy (10%) |
| Current and voltage sensors | Shunt + CT + bus bars | Shunt + isolated sensors* + pulse transformers | Galaxy (30%) |
| Isolation | Optocouplers (2) | Ensured by the isolated sensors (no cost) | Galaxy |
Is That All?
To this point we have discussed how even small BOM cost savings can quickly add up to a significant savings on these meters. Good, but in reducing those costs Galaxy also had to meet the specifications defined by the CEPRI. So, while collaborating with Galaxy, Maxim optimized the ZON M3 SoC for the Chinese market. Because ZON M3 was already a flexible platform, it was easily customized for the requirements of the Chinese CEPRI requirements.
Timing in the meter. The CEPRI requires that the timing accuracy variation must be less than 0.5s per day at room temperature and rated operating voltage. Consequently, the meter’s real-time-clock (RTC) is another big piece of the equation. The ZON M3 metering SoC integrates an RTC with temperature compensation. Its accuracy across the whole temperature range of operation complies with the CEPRI specification. With the RTC integrated in the SoC, the solution saves on implementation, size and, of course, BOM costs.
Integrated security. ZON ensures the security of the meters by connecting to an embedded security access (ESAM) module. That module is interfaced via the ISO7816 protocol. That protocol is well known to the smartcard industry and operates with a specific UART. ZON integrates two of those dedicated UARTs.
Reliable data collection. To comply with this requirement, ZON integrates an infrared (IR) encoder and decoder that eliminate the typical extra IR receiver module needed to retrieve and collect the measured data from the meter.
Switching reliability. The CEPRI mandates two switch sensors on electricity meters. Mechanical switches generate reliability issues and require the casing of the meter to be drilled opened. ZON has two touch sensors that replace the obsolete and old-fashioned switch sensors and improve the user’s experience.
Collaboration + Integration = Higher Performance + Cost Reduction
Galaxy has already completed their reference design based on ZON M3 and will start promoting the design to the Chinese meter manufacturers in mid-2014.
This project has demonstrated how important it is for major semiconductors companies like Maxim to collaborate with local companies in order to understand the market and optimize the specifications of their products. I am very excited to be part of that initiative and to see how, together, we will change the landscape of the Chinese metering market. After all, it is not that often in your life that you are given the opportunity to save 155M ¥.
References
1. Estimated volume is based on 62.5M units, and growing, forecasted for China. See “China Powers Up Domestic Smart Meter Market,” IHS Technology, December 08, 2011, at https://technology.ihs.com/394928/china-powers-up-domestic-smart-meter-market
2. For more information about Suzhou Galaxy Camphol Technology Co. Ltd., go to http://www.szgc.com.cn/. Note that there is no English version of this website.
3. I use this term carefully and with all due respect to all utilities in China. In fact, besides the State Grid Corporation of China, there are actually two other minor utilities called South Grid and Rural Grid, both of which tend to follow the rules of State Grid.
4. See http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2013/full_list/.
5. See IHS Technology, op. cit.
6. For more information, see http://www.epri.sgcc.com.cn/en/ .
7. For information on the ZON M3 electricity SoC, go to http://www.maximintegrated.com/MAX71315; for the MAX71071 and 71M6601 isolated sensors, go to http://www.maximintegrated.com/MAX71071 and http://www.maximintegrated.com/datasheet/index.mvp/id/7200
ZON is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
About the Author
Gregory Guez holds a Master degree in Electronic Systems from Polytech’ Marseille (France). He joined Maxim in 2009 following the acquisition of Innova Card. He has been in charge of the company’s secure microcontroller business in Asia and lived in Hong Kong for 6 years. Gregory relocated to Irvine, California in Sept 2012 where he manages the business for the Energy Solutions Group at Maxim Integrated.
No comments:
Post a Comment